Understanding Uterine Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

What is Uterine Cancer?

Uterine cancer, also known as endometrial cancer, is a type of cancer that affects the lining of the uterus. It is the most common type of gynecologic cancer in the United States, accounting for approximately 6% of all female cancer diagnoses. The exact cause of uterine cancer is still unknown, but it is believed to be linked to factors such as hormonal imbalances, obesity, and a family history of the disease.

The risk of developing uterine cancer increases with age, and it is most common in women over 50 years old. Women who have never been pregnant or have had their first child after the age of 35 are also at a higher risk.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The symptoms of uterine cancer can vary depending on the stage and location of the tumor. Common signs include abnormal bleeding, pelvic pain, and changes in bowel or bladder habits. In some cases, there may be no noticeable symptoms at all until the disease has progressed to a more advanced stage.

A diagnosis typically involves a physical exam, medical history, and imaging tests such as ultrasound, MRI, or CT scans. A biopsy is usually performed to confirm the presence of cancer cells.

Treatment Options and Prevention Strategies

The treatment options for uterine cancer depend on the stage and severity of the disease, as well as the patient's overall health. Surgery is often the primary course of action, followed by chemotherapy or radiation therapy if necessary.

Prevention strategies include maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and avoiding hormone replacement therapy. Women who are at high risk due to family history or other factors should discuss their individual risks with their healthcare provider.